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The Universal Periodic Review (UPR) is a mechanism of the United Nations (UN) Human Rights Council (HRC) that emerged from the 2005 UN reform process.〔(‘In larger freedom: towards development, security and human rights for all’ ), Report of the Secretary-General (A/59/2005), 21 March 2005; (World Summit Outcome ), General Assembly resolution 60/1, 24 October 2005.〕 Commonly referred to as the UN-UPR, it was established by General Assembly (resolution 60/251 ) of 3 April 2006, the UN-UPR periodically examines the human rights performance of all 193 UN Member States. It is intended to complement, not duplicate, the work of other human rights mechanisms, including the UN human rights treaty bodies. This is the first international human rights mechanism to address all countries and all human rights. The Working Group on the UPR, which is composed of the HRC’s 47 Member States and chaired by the HRC President, conducts country reviews. == Principles and objectives == HRC (Resolution 5/1 ) of 18 June 2007 and HRC (decision 6/102 ) of 27 September 2007 elaborated on the UPR’s functions in its first cycle from 2008 - 2012. For the second and subsequent cycles, a few amendments were introduced to the UPR by (HRC Resolution 16/21 ) of 12 April 2011 and (HRC decision 17/119 ) of 19 July 2011, after a review by the HRC (for further details, see HRC review process below). HRC resolution 5/1 provides that the UPR should:〔(Annex to resolution 5/1 ), para. 3.〕 * Promote the universality, interdependence, indivisibility and interrelatedness of all human rights * Be a cooperative mechanism based on objective and reliable information and on interactive dialogue * Ensure universal coverage and equal treatment of all States * Be an intergovernmental process, UN Member-driven and action oriented * Fully involve the country under review * Complement and not duplicate other human rights mechanisms, thus representing an added value * Be conducted in an objective, transparent, non-selective, constructive, non-confrontational and non-politicized manner * Not be overly burdensome to the concerned State or to the agenda of the HRC * Not be overly long; it should be realistic and not absorb a disproportionate amount of time or human and financial resources * Not diminish the HRC’s capacity to respond to urgent human rights situations * Fully integrate a gender perspective * Take into account the level of development and specificities of countries * Ensure the participation of all relevant stakeholders, including non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and national human rights institutions (NHRIs). The objectives of the UN-UPR are:〔(Annex to resolution 5/1 ), para. 4.〕 * The improvement of the human rights situation on the ground * The fulfilment of the State’s human rights obligations and commitments and assessment of positive developments and challenges faced by the State * The enhancement of the State’s capacity and of technical assistance, in consultation with, and with the consent of, the State concerned * The sharing of best practice among States and other stakeholders * Support for cooperation in the promotion and protection of human rights * The encouragement of full cooperation and engagement with the HRC, other human rights bodies and the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR). HRC resolution 16/21 further provides that the second and subsequent cycles should focus on the implementation of the accepted recommendations and the developments of the human rights situation in the State under review. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Universal Periodic Review」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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